Initial multi-target approach shows importance of improved caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus control program in Russia for hobbyist goat farms

Vet World Vol.14 July-2021 Article-1

Research Article

Veterinary World, 14(7): 1718-1726

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1718-1726

Eduard A. Shuralev^1,2,3,4, Nail I. Khammadov², Konstantin A. Osyanin², Inna A. Elizarova², Gaysha R. Salmanova², Nikolai D. Shamaev^1,5, Sergei V. Petrov^1,3, Clare Whelan⁶, Nikolai Yu. Saushkin⁷, Jeanne V. Samsonova⁷, Ilsur G. Galimzyanov⁸, Marina A. Efimova^2,3,4, Kamil S. Khaertynov^2,3, Tagir Kh. Faizov², Malik N. Mukminov^1,3, and Arkadiy V. Ivanov⁹

1. Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation.
2. Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation.
3. Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy – Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420012, Russian Federation.
4. Department of Epizootology and Parasitology, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420029, Russian Federation.
5. The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagito 1-1, Gifu-city, 501-1193, Japan.
6. Research and Development Department, Enfer Scientific, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
7. Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-11 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
8. Department of Surgery, Obstetrics, and Pathology of Companion Animals, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420029, Russian Federation.
9. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32A Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation.

Background and Aim: Several reports described the detection of specific caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) antibodies in Russian goat populations, which indicates the circulation of CAEV in Russian goat farms. The aim of this study was to use a multi-target approach to testing with both serological tests and an in-house real-time (RT) molecular test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats from three hobbyist farms in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

Materials and Methods: We applied a multi-target approach to testing with both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an in-house RT polymerase chain reaction test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats. Animals from the three hobbyist farms were used in this study. The animals from two farms (n=13 for F1 and n=8 for F2) had clinical signs of arthritis and mastitis. In the third farm (n=15 for F3), all goats were home-bred and had no contact with imported animals.

Results: CAEV antibodies (ELISA targets TM env and gag genes) were detected in serum samples from two farms (F1 and F2), indicating seroprevalence of 87.50-92.31%. Specific CAEV antibodies were also detected in milk samples. CAEV proviral DNA was detected in 53.85-62.50%. The results from all tests performed in the third farm (F3) were negative, indicating that all tests were 100% specific.

Conclusion: The results showed that CAEV is circulating and present in small hobbyist goat farms in Russia. Serological and molecular tests could be important for programs to control and eradicate CAEV in Russia for hobbyist goat farms. Keywords: antibodies, antigens, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, goat, proviral DNA.

Keywords: antibodies, antigens, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, goat, proviral DNA.

How to cite this article: Shuralev EA, Khammadov NI, Osyanin KA, Elizarova IA, Salmanova GR, Shamaev ND, Petrov SV, Whelan C, Saushkin NY, Samsonova JV, Galimzyanov IG, Efimova MA, Khaertynov KS, Faizov TK, Mukminov MN, Ivanov AV (2021) Initial multi-target approach shows importance of improved caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus control program in Russia for hobbyist goat farms, Veterinary World, 14(7): 1718-1726.

Received: 22-01-2021 Accepted: 14-05-2021 Published online: 01-07-2021

Corresponding author: Eduard A. Shuralev E-mail: eduard.shuralev@mail.ru

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1718-1726

Copyright: Shuralev, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.