Vet World Vol.14 July-2021 Article-15
Research Article
Veterinary World, 14(7): 1829-1834
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1829-1834
Non-infectious risk factors for intrapartum stillbirth in a swine farm in the North of Vietnam
2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Rd., Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
3. Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Rd., Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Background and Aim: Stillbirth causes considerable loss to the pig farming industry. Methods aimed at reducing stillbirth should base on the understanding of risk factors for intrapartum stillbirth because it accounts for 75% of all stillbirths. Unfortunately, few studies have differentiated between intrapartum and prepartum stillbirths leading to inadequate information about risk factors for sole intrapartum stillbirth. This study investigated risk factors for piglet's intrapartum stillbirth.
Materials and Methods: Data of 1527 piglets born from 103 sows in one herd were recorded. Generalized linear mixed models were used to determine the relationship between investigated risk factors and intrapartum stillbirth at the piglet level. The potential risk factors were parity, gestation length (GL), litter size (LS), birth order (BO), birth interval (BI), cumulative farrowing duration (CFD), gender, crown-rump length, birth weight (BW), body mass index, ponderal index (PI), and BW deviation.
Results: About 60% (60.2%, 62/103) litters had stillborn piglet(s), and the intrapartum stillbirth rate was 5.8% (89/1527). BW deviation (≤0.1 and >0.6 kg), LS >13, GL (<114 and >117 days), PI ≤54, and BO >10 were the most significant factors associated with increased intrapartum stillbirth. No effect of parity, sex, BI, and CFD on intrapartum stillbirth was detected.
Conclusion: These data stressed the importance of piglets' size and shape in the prediction of intrapartum stillbirth. Furthermore, large LS, high BO, short, and long GL were associated with increased intrapartum stillbirth. The results of this study suggest that procedures aimed at increasing litter homogeneity, optimizing piglets' size and shape, avoiding short and long gestation, and increasing supervision rate, especially at the second half, of the farrowing may reduce piglet's intrapartum stillbirth. Keywords: birth weight deviation, intrapartum stillbirth, piglet, postmortem examination.
Keywords: birth weight deviation, intrapartum stillbirth, piglet, postmortem examination.
How to cite this article: Nam NH, Sukon P (2021) Non-infectious risk factors for intrapartum stillbirth in a swine farm in the North of Vietnam, Veterinary World, 14(7): 1829-1834.
Received: 10-03-2021 Accepted: 04-06-2021 Published online: 16-07-2021
Corresponding author: Nguyen Hoai Nam E-mail: hoainam26061982@yahoo.com
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1829-1834
Copyright: Nam and Sukon, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.