Etiopathological and hematobiochemical profiles in goats with gastrointestinal disorders

Vet World Vol.14 July-2021 Article-5

Research Article

Veterinary World, 14(7): 1760-1766

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1760-1766

Sunena Nayak¹, Prasana Kumar Rath¹, Susen Kumar Panda¹, Bidyut Prava Mishra², Rajshree Mishra³, and Shuvranshu Sekhar Biswal⁴

1. Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
2. Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
3. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
4. Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Background and Aim: Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in small ruminants limit production efficiency and productivity growth in the livestock sector, thereby directly preventing farmers from augmenting their income. This study aimed to provide detailed insight into the etiology, hematobiochemical parameters, and epidemiological risk factors of GI disorders in goats and to determine the pathology associated with the disorders.

Materials and Methods: Over the period of 2018-2019, 500 goats in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, were screened for GI disorders based on clinical signs. Blood samples from the control (n=10) and treatment (n=25) groups were collected for both hematological and serum biochemical alterations. Fecal examinations (n=220) were conducted for parasitic, bacterial, and virological assessments. Detailed necropsy and histopathological evaluations were conducted on 27 goats.

Results: The GI disorder prevalence rate and mortality rate among the 500 goats analyzed were 44.4% and 12.27%, respectively. Chi-square analysis showed a significantly higher occurrence of GI disorders among the goats that were between 6 months and 1.5 years old (58.72%), were of the Ganjam breed (45.49%), had a poor body condition (71.11%), and were housed with an earthen floor (55.22%). The most common etiological risk factor observed was parasitic infection (65.45%), followed by bacterial (18.18%) and mixed infection (9.54%). Blood analysis showed neutrophilia and eosinophilia in infected goats, in addition to anemia; significant decreases in total protein, globulin, albumin, and glucose levels; and significant increases in aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase levels. The major histopathological findings were infiltration of mononuclear cells and desquamation of the intestinal and ruminal mucosa.

Conclusion: Stakeholders should focus not only on parasitic infections and other important etiological risk factors for GI disorders in goats but also on proper farming management practices to help enhance the income of farmers. The hematobiochemical alterations and pathomorphological changes reported in this study can be used by field veterinarians as guidelines for clinical evaluation and disease severity assessment. Keywords: diarrhea, goat, gastrointestinal disorders, hematobiochemical.

Keywords: diarrhea, goat, gastrointestinal disorders, hematobiochemical.

How to cite this article: Nayak S, Rath PK, Panda SK, Mishra BP, Mishra R, Biswal SS (2021) Etiopathological and hematobiochemical profiles in goats with gastrointestinal disorders, Veterinary World, 14(7): 1760-1766.

Received: 27-11-2020 Accepted: 30-05-2021 Published online: 06-07-2021

Corresponding author: Prasana Kumar Rath E-mail: drpkrath78@gmail.com

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1760-1766

Copyright: Nayak, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.