Vet World Vol.14 October-2021 Article-33
Review Article
Veterinary World, 14(10): 2817-2826
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2817-2826
Reverse zoonosis of coronavirus disease-19: Present status and the control by one health approach
2. Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
3. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kottarakkara, Kollam, Kerala, India.
4. Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research and Super Speciality Hospital, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
5. Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, KVASU, Wayanad, Kerala, India.
6. Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Background and Aim: The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is one of its kind in the history of public health that has created a major global threat. The causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a zoonotic source and hence, reverse zoonosis (disease transmission from humans to animals) increases the risk and rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serological and molecular analyses and experimental infection studies have identified SARS-CoV-2 infection in several animal species in various countries. Different domestic and wild animals, including cats, dogs, tigers, lions, puma, snow leopard, minks, and pet ferrets, are infected naturally with SARS-CoV-2, mostly through suspected human to animal transmission. In addition, in vivo experimental inoculation studies have reported the susceptibility of cats, ferrets, hamsters, Egyptian fruit bats, and non-human primates to the virus. These experimentally infected species are found to be capable of virus transmission to co-housed animals of the same species. However, SARS-CoV-2 showed poor replication in livestock species such as pigs, chickens, and ducks with no detection of viral RNA after the animals were deliberately inoculated with the virus or exposed to the infected animals. As the pets/companion animals are more susceptible to COVID-19, the infection in animals needs an in-depth and careful study to avoid any future transmissions. The one health approach is the best inter-disciplinary method to understand the consequences of viral spread and prevention in novel host populations for the betterment of public health. Further in this review, we will explain in detail the different natural and experimentally induced cases of human to animal SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Keywords: mink, non-human primate, one health, reverse zoonosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
How to cite this article: Pramod RK, Nair AV, Tambare PK, Chauhan K, Kumar TV, Rajan RA, Mani BM, Asaf M, Pandey AK (2021) Reverse zoonosis of coronavirus disease-19: Present status and the control by one health approach, Veterinary World, 14(10): 2817-2826.
Received: 06-07-2021 Accepted: 29-09-2021 Published online: 30-10-2021
Corresponding author: R. Kumar Pramod E-mail: drpramodr@gmail.com
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2817-2826
Copyright: Pramod, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.