Endocrine, energy, and lipid status during parturition and early lactation in indigenous goats native to the Algerian Sahara

Vet World Vol.14 September-2021 Article-17

Research Article

Veterinary World, 14(9): 2419-2426

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2419-2426

Kamilia Henna¹, Sofiane Boudjellaba², Farida Khammar¹, Zaina Amirat¹, Didier Chesneau³, and Salima Charallah¹

1. Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms , University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands, BP 32 El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
2. Department of Pre-Clinic, Higher National Veterinary School, Laboratory of Research Management of Local Animal Resources, Abbes Street, Oued-Smar, 16000, Algiers, Algeria.
3. Department of Animal Physiology and Farming System, University of François Rabelais, F-37041, Tours, Reproductive and Behavioral Physiology, National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment, INRAE UMR85, ER 11, Neuroendocrinology of sexual interactions and behaviors, CNRS, IFCE, Nouzilly, France.

Background and Aim: Goats are widely distributed in southwest Algeria. The Saharan goat is perfectly adapted to the harsh conditions of arid areas, and it is characterized by resistance to long photoperiod and reduced metabolic needs, allowing the survival of its offspring by maintaining lactation. Several studies have demonstrated that parturition and lactation are critical periods that induce hormone, energy, and lipid status changes in mammals. However, the relationship between the blood biochemical parameters of parturition control and lactation functions in the Algerian Saharan goat has not been thoroughly documented. Therefore, this study assesses hormone and metabolite levels during parturition and early lactation in Saharan goats reared in arid areas.

Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed on 14 multiparous female goats, and blood samples were collected during parturition, 4 days postpartum (D1PP-D4PP), and during the first 12 weeks of lactation (W1-W12) to analyze prolactin, cortisol, glucose (GLU), total proteins (TP), cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TGs), total lipids (TL), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and very LDLs (VLDLs).

Results: Statistical data analysis revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma prolactin concentrations at W1 after parturition, reaching maximum values at W3 and W9, and remained high until W12 of lactation. Plasma cortisol levels were high at parturition, reaching two peaks at W3 and W9, and then decreased at W5, W7, and W12 of lactation. No significant changes were found in serum GLU levels during the first 7 weeks of lactation compared with parturition day; then, the levels became significantly (p<0.05) lower at W8, W11, and W12 of lactation. Plasma TP increased significantly (p<0.05) at D3PP, W1, and W4, then decreased significantly (p<0.05) at W8. In addition, this decrease coincided with that of GLU production. Serum CHO, TGs, TL, LDLs, and VLDLs, were low at parturition and high at D4PP and during the first 3 months of lactation. Furthermore, HDL levels were low at D3PP, 1st, and 3rd months and high at the 2nd month of lactation.

Conclusion: This study emphasized the impact of parturition and the 1st weeks of lactation on endocrine and metabolic changes in indigenous goats living in the Algerian Sahara Desert. These results can be used to monitor and improve farming management and understand physiological adaptive strategies, mainly lactation function sustainability, of this goat living in marginal zones. Keywords: hormones, lactating goat, metabolic profile, parturition, Sahara.

Keywords: hormones, lactating goat, metabolic profile, parturition, Sahara.

How to cite this article: Henna K, Boudjellaba S, Khammar F, Amirat Z, Chesneau D, Charallah S (2021) Endocrine, energy, and lipid status during parturition and early lactation in indigenous goats native to the Algerian Sahara, Veterinary World, 14(9): 2419-2426.

Received: 07-05-2021 Accepted: 11-08-2021 Published online: 18-09-2021

Corresponding author: Kamilia Henna E-mail: hennakamilia@gmail.com

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2419-2426

Copyright: Henna, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.