Vet World   Vol.15   March-2022  Article-6

Review Article

Veterinary World, 15(3): 565-589

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.565-589

Experimental and natural infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 in pets and wild and farm animals

Gondo Mastutik1, Ali Rohman2, Reny I'tishom3, Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo4, and Ignacio de Blas5
1. Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia.
2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
3. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia.
4. Center for Rickettsioses and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, Hospital Universitario San Pedro–CIBIR, Logroño, Spain.
5. Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.

Background and Aim: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally and has led to extremely high mortality rates. In addition to infecting humans, this virus also has infected animals. Experimental studies and natural infections showed that dogs have a low susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas domesticated cats and other animals in the family Felidae, such as lions, tigers, snow leopards, and cougars, have a high susceptibility to viral infections. In addition, wild white-tailed deer, gorillas, and otters have been found to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. Furry farm animals, such as minks, have a high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The virus appears to spread among minks and generate several new mutations, resulting in increased viral virulence. Furthermore, livestock animals, such as cattle, sheep, and pigs, were found to have low susceptibility to the virus, whereas chicken, ducks, turkeys, quail, and geese did not show susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This knowledge can provide insights for the development of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation strategies in animals and humans. Therefore, this review focuses on experimental (both replication and transmission) in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pets and in wild and farm animals, and to provide details on the mechanism associated with natural infection.

Keywords: animal disease, coronavirus disease 2019, infectious disease, pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2.

How to cite this article: Mastutik G, Rohman A, I'tishom R, Ruiz-Arrondo I, de Blas I (2022) Experimental and natural infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 in pets and wild and farm animals, Veterinary World, 15(3): 565-589.

Received: 19-10-2021  Accepted: 25-01-2022     Published online: 10-03-2022

Corresponding author: Gondo Mastutik   E-mail: gondomastutik@fk.unair.ac.id

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.565-589

Copyright: Mastutik, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.