Comparative diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis using single intradermal cervical tuberculin technique, conventional methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the gamma-interferon assay

Vet World Vol.15 May-2022 Article-30

Research Article

Veterinary World, 15(5): 1391-1397

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.1391-1397

Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal¹, Amany N. Dapgh², Mai Badr-Eldien Abd-Elhafeez³, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy¹, and Fatma Ahmed Khalifa⁴

1. Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
2. Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
3. Central Administration of Veterinary Quarantine, General Organization for Veterinary Services, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
4. Department of Infectious Disease - Animal Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.

Background and Aim: Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease that causes huge economic losses. This study aimed to compare the result obtained from the single intradermal test, conventional methods (culture and microscopy), gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) assay, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to diagnose bovine TB.

Materials and Methods: This study evaluated 2913 animals from milk farms in Cairo, El-Sharkia, and El-Qalyubia Governorates by single intradermal cervical tuberculin technique (SICTT), ELISA, and IFN-γ assay.

Results: Of the 2913 dairy cows surveyed, 3.7% yielded positive results. Culture prepared samples on Lowenstein-Jensen and Middlebrook 7H10 agar media yielded 52 (1.85%) isolates of Mycobacterium spp. from 2805 milk samples that yielded negative tuberculin reactions and 56 (51.85%) isolates of Mycobacterium spp. were recovered from 108 lymph node samples from positive cases. ELISA analysis of the sera of 108 positive SICTT reactors revealed that 94 (87.03%) and 97 (89.81%) animals were positive for bovine purified protein derivative (PPD-B) antigen and commercial polypeptide antigen, respectively. IFN-γ assays were performed on whole blood samples collected from positive SICTT reactors and showed that 103 (95.37%) animals were positive.

Conclusion: M. tuberculosis complex may be isolated from raw milk and not all infected animals shed mycobacterial bacilli in their milk. The use of polypeptide antigen in ELISA provides better diagnostic efficacy than PPD-B antigen. The IFN-γ assay is more sensitive than both SICTT and ELISA. It should be used in parallel with SICTT to allow the detection of more positive animals before they become a source of infection to other animals and humans. Keywords: bovine tuberculosis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Gamma-interferon assay, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, single intradermal cervical tuberculin skin test.

Keywords: bovine tuberculosis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Gamma-interferon assay, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, single intradermal cervical tuberculin skin test.

How to cite this article: Hekal SHA, Dapgh AN, Abd-Elhafeez MB, Sobhy HM, Khalifa FA (2022) Comparative diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis using single intradermal cervical tuberculin technique, conventional methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the gamma-interferon assay, Veterinary World, 15(5): 1391-1397.

Received: 09-02-2022 Accepted: 19-04-2022 Published online: 31-05-2022

Corresponding author: Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal E-mail: saharhekal@gmail.com

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1391-1397

Copyright: Hekal SHA, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.