Vet World Vol.15 November-2022 Article-14
Research Article
Veterinary World, 15(11): 2611-2616
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.2611-2616
Natural high ambient temperature-induced respiratory hypocapnia without activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in lactating goats
2. The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
3. Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Background and Aim: Activation of breathing, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and plasma antioxidant defense are adaptive mechanisms in lactating dairy goats fed during the summer season. However, an excess of these responses can interfere with the gas exchange. This study aimed to investigate the effect of natural high ambient temperature (HTa) on blood gas parameters and their relation to the HPA axis and antioxidant defense.
Materials and Methods: Six mid-lactating goats were included in this study and were fed in individual pens for 2 weeks. The data on ambient conditions, physiological responses, and blood chemistry were measured for two sampling days (D7 and D14), 1 week apart during the late summer season. On this two-sampling day, the main physiological responses to HTa, including respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (Tr), blood gas, and blood chemistry, were measured in the morning and afternoon.
Results: Goats from both D7 and D14 increased RR and Tr significantly according to morning and afternoon periods. In addition, goats were at the hypocapnia stage during afternoon panting without a change in blood pH and bicarbonate levels. Interestingly, HTa-induced hypocapnia was not accompanied by an increase in plasma cortisol levels. Finally, ΔTa was negatively correlated with changes in glutathione peroxidase activity.
Conclusion: The natural HTa (ΔTa; 5–8°C) in this study activated evaporative heat dissipation and was high enough to induce respiratory hypocapnia. Importantly, this ΔTa did not activate the HPA axis but was correlated with a change in antioxidant defense. Therefore, under natural HTa in tropical conditions, respiratory hypocapnia is the first line of physiological response in goats within a specific range of natural ΔTa (5–8°C). Keywords: acid-base imbalance, lactation, Saanen goat, thermal panting, tropical climate.
Keywords: acid-base imbalance, lactation, Saanen goat, thermal panting, tropical climate.
How to cite this article: Semsirmboon S, Do Nguyen DK, Chaiyabutr N, Poonyachoti S, and Thammacharoen S (2022) Natural high ambient temperature-induced respiratory hypocapnia without activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in lactating goats, Veterinary World, 15(11): 2611–2616.
Received: 18-07-2022 Accepted: 06-10-2022 Published online: 19-11-2022
Corresponding author: Sumpun Thammacharoen E-mail: sprueksagorn@hotmail.com
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2611-2616
Copyright: Semsirmboon, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.