Seroprevalence and risk assessment of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in North and Beqaa governorates of Lebanon

Vet World Vol.15 September-2022 Article-8

Research Article

Veterinary World, 15(9): 2180-2185

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.2180-2185

Sara Khalife¹, Sara Moubayed¹, Rosy Mitri², Regina Geitani³, and Dima El Safadi⁴

1. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Tripoli, Lebanon.
2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Tripoli, Lebanon.
3. Laboratoire des Agents Pathogènes, School of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
4. Laboratory of Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.

Background and Aim: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii that affects both humans and animals, leading to abortions and significant clinical manifestations in pregnant and immunocompromised hosts, in addition to massive economic losses in animal industries. Data from Lebanon are scarce regarding the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in livestock. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and assess the associated risk factors of T. gondii infection in sheep and goats in Lebanon.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2020 to April 2021. Blood samples from 150 sheep and 145 goats (total 295) destined for human consumption were obtained from 20 Lebanese farms located in the North and Beqaa governorates. The anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibodies were assayed through means of a modified agglutination test with a cutoff titer of 20.

Results: An overall seroprevalence of 48.5% (143/295) was reported: About 56.6% seroprevalence was found in sheep (85/150) and 40% (58/145) in goats. Adult age, female gender, and the wet season were significantly associated with an increased seropositivity rate of T. gondii infection (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.043, respectively).

Conclusion: These results confirm the spread of T. gondii in sheep and goats destined for human consumption in various geographical regions in Lebanon. Therefore, continuous monitoring of T. gondii infection in livestock is warranted to control the spread of the infection and limit its potential transmission to humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat. Keywords: goats, Lebanon, risk factors, seroprevalence, sheep, Toxoplasma gondii.

Keywords: goats, Lebanon, risk factors, seroprevalence, sheep, Toxoplasma gondii.

How to cite this article: Khalife S, Moubayed S, Mitri R, Geitani R, and El Safadi D (2022) Seroprevalence and risk assessment of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in North and Beqaa governorates of Lebanon, Veterinary World, 15(9): 2180–2185.

Received: 20-06-2022 Accepted: 04-08-2022 Published online: 13-09-2022

Corresponding author: Sara Khalife E-mail: sara.khalifeh@bau.edu.lb

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2180-2185

Copyright: Khalife, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.