The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease

Vet World Vol.16 January-2023 Article-19

Research Article

Veterinary World, 16(1): 154-160

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.154-160

Nawat Sannamwong^1,2, Chollada Buranakarl³, Saikaew Sutayatram³, Monkon Trisiriroj², and Thasinas Dissayabutra⁴

1. Residency Program in Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
2. The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
3. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
4. STAR Unit of Renal Biochemistry and Stone Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.

Background and Aim: Anemia is an important factor in surviving chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anemia in CKD is associated with various factors, such as inadequate production of erythropoietin and the availability of iron and its binding protein. Reduced total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and iron concentrations may be related to their urinary loss along with proteinuria. This study aimed to determine the urinary loss of iron and transferrin (TF) in relation to the degree of proteinuria.

Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 37 dogs with CKD. Dogs were divided according to the severity of proteinuria into two groups based on the mean of urinary protein–creatinine (UPC) ratio into UPC ratio <4 and UPC ratio >4. The hematocrit (HCT), blood chemistries, plasma iron, plasma TF, UPC ratio, urinary iron per creatinine ratio (U-Iron/ CR), and urinary TF per creatinine ratio (U-TF/CR) were evaluated.

Results: Anemia was associated with the severity of renal impairment as demonstrated by reduction of HCT when staging of CKD was higher. Dogs with UPC ratio >4 had higher urinary loss of both U-Iron/CR (p < 0.01) and U-TF/CR (p < 0.001) with lower plasma TIBC (p < 0.001). The UPC ratio was positively correlated with both U-Iron/CR (r = 0.710, p < 0.001) and U-TF/CR (r = 0.730, p < 0.001) but negatively with TIBC (r = –0.462, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Proteinuria was associated with urinary loss of both iron and TF which may contribute to anemia in CKD. Keywords: dog, iron, proteinuria, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin.

Keywords: dog, iron, proteinuria, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin.

How to cite this article: Sannamwong N, Buranakarl C, Sutayatram S, Trisiriroj M, and Dissayabutra T (2023) The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease, Veterinary World, 16(1): 154–160.

Received: 05-09-2022 Accepted: 09-12-2022 Published online: 26-01-2023

Corresponding author: Chollada Buranakarl E-mail: bchollad@chula.ac.th

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.154-160

Copyright: Sannamwong, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.