Vet World Vol.16 January-2023 Article-6
Review Article
Veterinary World, 16(1): 46-58
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.46-58
A review of new emerging livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pig farms
2. Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands.
3. Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia.
4. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia.
5. Lingkar Satwa Animal Care Clinic, Jl. Sumatera No. 31L, Gubeng, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60281, Indonesia.
6. Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6 Senen, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Background and Aim: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus strain resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and is often associated with livestock, known as livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA. Using molecular typing with multi-locus sequence typing, MRSA clones have been classified in pigs, including clonal complex 398. Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S. aureus was first discovered in pigs in the Netherlands in 2005. Since then, it has been widely detected in pigs in other countries. Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S. aureus can be transmitted from pigs to pigs, pigs to humans (zoonosis), and humans to humans. This transmission is enabled by several risk factors involved in the pig trade, including the use of antibiotics and zinc, the size and type of the herd, and the pig pen management system. Although LA-MRSA has little impact on the pigs' health, it can be transmitted from pig to pig or from pig to human. This is a serious concern as people in direct contact with pigs are highly predisposed to acquiring LA-MRSA infection. The measures to control LA-MRSA spread in pig farms include conducting periodic LA-MRSA screening tests on pigs and avoiding certain antibiotics in pigs. This study aimed to review the emerging LA-MRSA strains in pig farms.
Keywords: livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, pig, zoonosis, public health.
How to cite this article: Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Effendi MH, Sudjarwo SA, Ramandinianto SC, Widodo A, Riwu KHP, Silaen OSM, and Rehman S (2023) A review of new emerging livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pig farms, Veterinary World, 16(1): 46–58.
Received: 16-08-2022 Accepted: 22-11-2022 Published online: 10-01-2023
Corresponding author: Mustofa Helmi Effendi E-mail: mhelmieffendi@gmail.com
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.46-58
Copyright: Khairullah, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.