Vet World Vol.16 November-2023 Article-15
Research Article
Veterinary World, 16(11): 2287-2292
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.2287-2292
Epidemiological analysis of anaplasmosis in cattle from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
2. Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat-26000, Pakistan.
3. College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, 23200 Mardan, Pakistan.
4. Universidad Católica de Temuco Facultad de Recursos Naturales Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas Casilla 15-D Temuco, Chile.
5. Nucleo de Estudios Ambientales, UCTemuco, Chile.
6. Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia.
7. Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia.
Background and Aim: Anaplasmosis, a tick-borne disease affecting livestock caused by the bacteria Anaplasma, poses a global concern. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, spatiotemporal variation, and associated risk factors of anaplasmosis in cattle from the Bannu and Lakki Marwat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: This study used 197 cattle exhibiting clinical symptoms of anaplasmosis in natural settings. Microscopic examination was used to estimate the prevalence. Potential risk factors, such as sampling regions and months, gender, breed, and age were studied.
Results: The study revealed an overall anaplasmosis prevalence of 19.79%. Bannu district exhibited a higher occurrence at 22.10%, compared to Lakki Marwat district at 17.64%. Young cattle (<2 years) demonstrated a notably higher incidence of anaplasmosis (26.78%) compared to adults (>5 years), which had a prevalence of 12.35% (p < 0.05). Female cattle (22.36%) were more susceptible than male cattle (11.11%). Prevalence peaked in June (45.71%) and was lowest in February (3.57%). Crossbred cattle had a higher prevalence (23.52%) than purebred cattle (11.47%).
Conclusion: Anaplasmosis can be effectively controlled using a comprehensive approach encompassing selective breeding for resilience, targeted care of young calves and females, effective tick control during warmer months, consistent use of insecticides, and proactive risk factor management. Raising awareness among farmers through diverse channels, including media, is pivotal to bolster tick-borne disease management strategies. Keywords: anaplasmosis, biotic risk factors, cattle, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, spatiotemporal variation.
Keywords: anaplasmosis, biotic risk factors, cattle, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, spatiotemporal variation.
How to cite this article: Badshah F, Ullah K, Kamal M, Rafiq N, Usman T, De los Ríos-Escalante PR, and Ben Said M (2023) Epidemiological analysis of anaplasmosis in cattle from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Veterinary World, 16(11): 2287-2292.
Received: 24-08-2023 Accepted: 16-10-2023 Published online: 19-11-2023
Corresponding author: Mustafa Kamal and Mourad Ben Said E-mail: mustafakamaluok@gmail.com and bensaidmourad83@yahoo.fr
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2287-2292
Copyright: Badshah, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.