Vet World Vol.17 August-2024 Article - 19
Research Article
Veterinary World, 17(8): 1821-1827
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.1821-1827
Effects of orange peel extract (Citrus sinensis) treatment on zebrafish oocytes (Danio rerio) exposed to heat stress
2. Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang-Indonesia.
3. Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang-Indonesia.
4. Laboratory of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang-Indonesia.
Background and Aim: Heat stress (HS) can negatively impact oocytes by disrupting mitochondrial activity, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species, and decreasing antioxidant levels. This study investigated the impact of orange peel (OP) exposure on zebrafish oocytes (ZOs) diameter, survival rate, and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) during HS.
Materials and Methods: We investigated the antioxidant effect of flavonoids (concentration = 328.58 ppm) derived from OP (Citrus sinensis) added to in vitro maturation (IVM) media of ZOs (Danio rerio) under non-heat stress (NHS) and HS conditions to mimic in vivo HS conditions due to the global warming phenomenon on females. ZO in stage 3 (n = 1080) was treated with 4 μL of OP extract (not treated/control) under HS: 32°C (Heat stress 32°C solution/Heat stress 32°C orange peel [HS32S/HS32O]) and 34°C (Heat stress 34°C solution/Heat stress 34°C orange peel [HS34S/HS34O]); and NHS: 28°C (Non-heat stress solution/Non-heat stress orange peel [NHSS/NHSO]), during maturation. After 24 h of maturation, we observed the oocyte diameter, survival rate, and GVBD rate. The data were analyzed with IBM Statistics 23 software using two-way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis (p < 0.05).
Results: The highest oocyte diameter data were in NHS treated with OP extract (NHSO) group (0.759 ± 0.01; mean ± standard error) compared with HS group using and without OP extract (HS32S [0.583 ± 0.02]; HS32O [0.689 ± 0.02]; HS34S [0.554 ± 0.02]; and HS34O [0.604 ± 0.02]). The survival rate of OP treated group, namely, NHSO (93% ± 3%), HS32O (85% ± 2%), and HS34O (80% ± 2%) was higher than that of the group without treatment (NHSS [83% ± 3%], HS32S [71% ± 6%], and HS34S [63% ± 3%]). ZO treated with OP extract (NHSO [93% ± 3%], HS32O [85% ± 2%], and HS34O [80% ± 2%]) showed a higher GVBD rate than the group without treatment (NHSS [83% ± 3%], HS32S [71% ± 6%], and HS34S [63% ± 3%]).
Conclusion: It revealed that OP can enhance the oocyte diameter, survival rate, and GVBD rate of ZO under NHS and HS. Further investigation should be conducted to determine the effect of OP extract (C. sinensis) on in vivo conditions in females as an alternative treatment to face global warming.
Keywords: heat stress, orange peel extract, Zebrafish oocytes.
How to cite this article: Residiwati G, Shalawati AG, Lesmana MA, Anisa AK, Lonameo BK, and Tuska HSA (2024) Effects of orange peel extract (Citrus sinensis) treatment on zebrafish oocytes (Danio rerio) exposed to heat stress, Veterinary World, 17(8): 1821-1827.
Received: 2024-04-08 Accepted: 2024-07-09 Published online: 2024-08-20
Corresponding author: E-mail:
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1821-1827
Copyright: Residiwati, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
