Vet World Vol.17 August-2024 Article - 20
Research Article
Veterinary World, 17(8): 1828-1835
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.1828-1835
Rabies surveillance and prevention in Guinea: Epidemiological data and postexposure prophylaxis challenges
2. Department of Public Health and Environment, Ecole Inter-State School of Veterinary Sciences and Medicine, P.O Box 5077, Dakar, Senegal.
3. National Influenza Reference Laboratory, Unit of Epidemic potential Diseases, Emerging Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Medical Biology and Public Health Research Institute for Health Sciences (IRSS/CNRST), P.O. Box 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
4. Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Quartier Vallée 2 avenue de Cureghem, 6, Liege, Belgium.
5. Directorate of Animal Health, Directorate General of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal et Halieutic Resources, P.O Box 7026, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Background and Aim: Canine rabies is an endemic form of zoonosis and represents a major public health threat in Guinea, similar to other African countries. However, few investigations on the epidemiology of rabies in animals and humans have been conducted, and evidence-based data required to inform health policies remain inadequate. This study was conducted to update our knowledge of human dog-mediated rabies epidemiology and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) accessibility-related factors in Guinea.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study, conducted from January 2018 to December 2020, collected data on animal bite cases, veterinary observations, rabies diagnoses through fluorescent antibody test, and PEP delivery from three veterinary and medical entities. Statistical analysis utilized Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test to evaluate relationships between variables.
Results: An average of 775 bites was recorded annually, and dogs were responsible for 98% of bites. However, only 64% of the biting dogs were under veterinary observation as required for integrated bite case management. Regarding the geographical distribution of bite cases, the entire country was affected, with the highest number of bites recorded in the prefectures of Nzérékoré and the special zone of Conakry. In addition, the laboratory diagnosis of brain samples from biting dogs indicated that 72% of the samples were rabies-positive. However, regarding prevention, only 58% of the bitten individuals received full PEP.
Conclusion: Improving disease surveillance and PEP provision for dog-transmitted rabies is crucial to preventing human cases and deaths. Increasing community awareness is essential for enhancing dog vaccination and PEP utilization. A national action plan integrating stakeholders for controlling canine rabies should be developed for effective One Health collaboration.
Keywords: animal bite management, cats, cattle, dogs, fluorescent antibody test, Guinea, humans, monkeys, rabies.
How to cite this article: Touré A, Savadogo M, Doumbouya MI, Kourouma F, Gbamou P, Tarnagda Z, and Bada-Alambedji R (2024) Rabies surveillance and prevention in Guinea: Epidemiological data and postexposure prophylaxis challenges, Veterinary World, 17(8): 1828-1835.
Received: 2024-01-29 Accepted: 2024-07-16 Published online: 2024-08-20
Corresponding author: E-mail:
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1828-1835
Copyright: Touré, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
