Hematological and blood biochemistry parameters as prognostic indicators of survival in canine multicentric lymphoma treated with COP and L-COP protocols

Vet World Vol.17 February-2024 Article-12

Research Article

Veterinary World, 17(2): 344-355

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.344-355

Somchin Sutthigran¹, Phasamon Saisawart¹, Patharakrit Teewasutrakul², Sirintra Sirivisoot³, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat¹, Anudep Rungsipipat³, and Nan Choisunirachon¹

1. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
2. Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
3. Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Rd., Pathumwan Bangkok10330, Thailand.

Background and Aim: Hematological and blood chemistry parameters are crucial for evaluating and monitoring canine multicentric lymphoma during chemotherapy. Pre-treatment hematological and blood chemistry parameters can be used as prognostic survival outcomes for this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of hematological and blood chemistry parameters pre-treatment and 4 weeks post-treatment on the survival outcomes of dogs treated with either a combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone (COP) or a combination of COP with L-asparaginase (L-COP) protocols.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study. Medical records and hematological and blood chemistry parameters of 41 dogs with multicentric lymphoma treated with L-COP (n = 26) and the COP protocols (n = 15) were obtained from the hospital information system. Most cases were classified as high-grade lymphoma based on the Kiel cytological classification. The effects of hematological and blood chemistry parameters on survival outcomes were investigated using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. The median survival time (MST) for each hematological and blood chemistry parameter affecting survival outcome was established and compared using the Kaplan–Meier product limit method with the log-rank test.

Results: Dogs with high-grade multicentric lymphoma that were treated with the COP protocol and had monocytosis at pre-treatment had a significantly shorter MST than dogs with normal monocyte counts (p = 0.033). In addition, dogs with azotemia, both pre-treatment and 4 weeks post-treatment, had a significantly shorter MST than dogs with normal serum creatinine levels (p = 0.012). Dogs with high-grade multicentric lymphoma treated with the L-COP protocol who had hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin concentration <2.5 mg/dL) at both pre-treatment and 4 weeks post-treatment had a significantly shorter MST than dogs with normal serum albumin levels (p < 0.001). Furthermore, dogs with leukocytosis at 4 weeks post-treatment had a significantly shorter MST than those with a normal total white blood cell count (p = 0.024).

Conclusion: Serum albumin level can serve as a simple negative prognostic indicator of survival outcomes in dogs with high-grade multicentric lymphoma treated with the L-COP protocol. Dogs with hypoalbuminemia pre-treatment and 4 weeks post-treatment tended to have a shorter MST than those with normal serum albumin concentrations. Keywords: anti-cancer, chemotherapy, dogs, hypoalbuminemia, multicentric lymphoma, prognosis, retrospective study, survival outcomes.

Keywords: anti-cancer, chemotherapy, dogs, hypoalbuminemia, multicentric lymphoma, prognosis, retrospective study, survival outcomes.

How to cite this article: Sutthigran S, Saisawart P, Teewasutrakul P, Sirivisoot S, Thanaboonnipat C, Rungsipipat A, and Choisunirachon N (2024) Hematological and blood biochemistry parameters as prognostic indicators of survival in canine multicentric lymphoma treated with COP and L-COP protocols, Veterinary World, 17(2): 344-355.

Received: 09-10-2023 Accepted: 18-01-2024 Published online: 08-02-2024

Corresponding author: Nan Choisunirachon E-mail: nan.c@chula.ac.th

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.344-355

Copyright: Sutthigran, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.