Potential zoonotic spillover at the human–animal interface: A mini-review

Vet World Vol.17 February-2024 Article-6

Review Article

Veterinary World, 17(2): 289-302

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.289-302

Ima Fauziah, Herjuno Ari Nugroho, Nova Dilla Yanthi, Rida Tiffarent, and Sugiyono Saputra

Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: Wildlife markets and wet wildlife markets, a type of human–animal interface, are commonly trading centers for wild-caught and captive-exotic animals as well as their products. These markets provide an ideal environment for spillovers of zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). These conditions may raise serious concerns, particularly in relation to wildlife species that frequently interact with humans and domestic animals. EIDs pose a significant risk to humans, ecosystems, and public health, as demonstrated by the current COVID-19 pandemic, and other previous outbreaks, including the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. Even though it seems appears impossible to eliminate EIDs, we may still be able to minimalize the risks and take several measures to prevent new EIDs originated from animals. The aim of this study was to review several types of human–animal interfaces with a high risk of zoonotic spillover, infectious agents, and animal hosts or reservoirs. Identifying those factors will support the development of interventions and effective disease control in human–animal interface settings.

Keywords: avian influenza, COVID-19, emerging infectious diseases, public health, wildlife market.

How to cite this article: Fauziah I, Nugroho HA, Yanthi ND, Tiffarent R, and Saputra S (2024) Potential zoonotic spillover at the human–animal interface: A mini-review, Veterinary World, 17(2): 289-302.

Received: 02-10-2023 Accepted: 09-01-2024 Published online: 07-02-2024

Corresponding author: Sugiyono Saputra E-mail: sugiyono.saputra@gmail.com

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.289-302

Copyright: Fauziah, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.