Evaluation of vasovagal tonus index and electrocardiographic parameters in horses using a new modified base apex lead method

Vet World Vol.17 June-2024 Article - 24

Research Article

Veterinary World, 17(6): 1385-1390

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.1385-1390

Theerapong Pontaema¹, Pongphol Pongthaisong^1,2, Wootichai Kenchaiwong^1,2,3, Chayanon Chompoosan¹, and Wichaporn Lerdweeraphon^1,2

1. Applied Animal Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand.
2. Small Ruminant Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand.
3. Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.

Background and Aim: Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) serves as a straightforward assessment tool for autonomic function during both physiological and pathological conditions, including pregnancy, in horses. Obtaining VVTI through a modified base apex lead system could be a practical and comfortable solution. In this study, we assessed VVTI in horses with respect to training status and electrocardiographic measurements utilizing a novel modified base apex lead technique.

Materials and Methods: A total of 12 Thai native crossbred horses and 12 Arabian horses, all free of cardiac abnormalities, were enrolled in the study. Animals underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) and VVTI using both the base-apex lead method and its modified version. 25 mm/s and 10 mm/mV ECG recordings provided standard bipolar limb leads. The amplitudes and durations of P waves, QRS complexes, PR interval, QT interval, and T duration were assessed. The T wave’s shape was examined. Each recording’s R-R interval was utilized to assess heart rate. Twenty consecutive beats were used to compute the variability of heart rate (VVTI).

Results: The P wave amplitude was the only significant difference (p < 0.05) between the base apex lead method and the modified base apex lead method, with no variations in heart rate, P duration, PR interval, T duration, and QRS duration and amplitude. Both methods showed mainly biphasic T wave patterns. The VVTI values of all horses did not differ significantly between the base apex and modified base apex methods. There was no significant difference in VVTI between Thai crossbred horses and Arabian horses in either method.

Conclusion: This study provided the first evidence that VVTI can be evaluated using the modified base apex lead system and may be useful for cardiovascular function monitoring in horses.

Keywords: electrocardiogram, evaluation, horses, vasovagal tonus index.

How to cite this article: Pontaema T, Pongthaisong P, Kenchaiwong W, Chompoosan C, and Lerdweeraphon W (2024) Evaluation of vasovagal tonus index and electrocardiographic parameters in horses using a new modified base apex lead method, Veterinary World, 17(6): 1385–1390.

Received: 2024-03-13 Accepted: 2024-05-29 Published online: 2024-06-28

Corresponding author: Wichaporn Lerdweeraphon E-mail: wichaporn.l@msu.ac.th

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1385-1390

Copyright: Pontaema, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.