Productive and economic effects of adding Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 to bread waste-based diets in laying hens

Vet World Vol.18 April-2025 Article-21

Research Article

Veterinary World, 18(4): 969-975

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.969-975

Albertina Felizardo Manteiga¹, Abilio Paulo Changule², Nilza Jorge Manjate³, Dercia Hilario Magaia⁴, Florentina Domingos Chilala⁵, Leonel Antonio Joaquim^6,7, Eunice Justino Chivale⁸, Filomena dos Anjos⁹, Manuel Garcia-Herreros^10,11, and Custódio Gabriel Bila^1,3,12

1. Department of Animal and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 1304, Mozambique.
2. Center for Genetic Resources and Animal Assisted Techniques, Directorate of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola 1410, Mozambique.
3. Department of Research and Development, Intermed Mozambique Lda, Maputo 1304, Mozambique.
4. Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-278, Brazil.
5. Department of Biotechnology and Animal Medicine of the Amazon Veterinary Medicine Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil.
6. Department of Animal Production, Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Angonia 2306, Mozambique.
7. Department of Animal Science, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil.
8. Department of Animal Production and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 1304, Mozambique.
9. Section of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 1304, Mozambique.
10. Department of Animal Production Systems, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research, Santarém 2005-424, Portugal.
11. CIISA-AL4AnimalS, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
12. Center of Excellence in Agri-Food Systems and Nutrition - Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 257, Mozambique.

Background and Aim: The high cost and limited availability of maize in poultry production necessitate the exploration of alternative feed sources. Bread waste (BW), a nutrient-rich by-product, offers a sustainable substitute. However, concerns regarding its protein degradation during processing and limited research in laying hens restrict its broader application. Probiotics such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 may enhance nutrient utilization and economic viability when combined with BW. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of partially replacing maize meal with BW, with or without the inclusion of B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940, on the productive performance and economic outcomes in laying hens.

Materials and Methods: Sixty 52-week-old Lohmann Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n = 20 per treatment; 4 replicates of 5 hens each): (T1) basal diet; (T2) basal diet with 20% BW replacing maize; and (T3) basal diet with 20% BW and 0.8% B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940. Performance parameters and economic indicators, including feed intake, egg production, feed conversion ratios, gross revenue, contribution margin, and break-even point, were assessed over 45 days.

Results: No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in laying rate, egg mass, feed conversion per dozen eggs, or live weight across treatments. Economically, substituting 20% of maize with BW significantly reduced feed cost per kilogram and egg production cost per unit and per dozen (p < 0.05). The inclusion of B. amyloliquefaciens further enhanced the profitability index, gross value added, and reduced the break-even point compared to T1 and T2 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Replacing 20% of maize with BW, with or without B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940, maintains productive performance in laying hens while significantly improving economic efficiency. This strategy offers a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional feed formulations in poultry production.

Keywords: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bread waste, egg production, feed cost, laying hens, poultry nutrition, probiotic.

How to cite this article: Manteiga AF, Changule AP, Manjate NJ, Magaia DH, Chilala FD, Joaquim LA, Chivale EJ, dos Anjos F, Garcia-Herreros M, and Bila CG (2025) Productive and economic effects of adding Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 to bread waste-based diets in laying hens, Veterinary World, 18(4): 969-975.

Received: 30-10-2024 Accepted: 24-03-2025 Published online: 23-04-2025

Corresponding author: Abilio Paulo Changule E-mail: abilio.changule1991@gmail.com

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.969-975

Copyright: Manteiga, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.