Vet World Vol.18 January-2025 Article - 2
Research Article
Veterinary World, 18(1): 8-14
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.8-14
Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs
2. Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, 10071, Iraq.
3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, 54003, Najaf, Iraq.
Background and Aim: Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that infects wild and domestic canines. Despite the use of a routine vaccination protocol, it is endemic in Iraq. The genetic drift of CPV-2 is a major issue worldwide because it abrogates virus control. In Iraq, there is a knowledge gap regarding the genetic sequences of asymptomatic and symptomatic CPV-2 cases. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a genetic analysis of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) and viral capsid protein 2 (VP2), two major capsid-encoding genes, to demonstrate the possible role of certain mutations in triggering infection.
Materials and Methods: Symptomatic and asymptomatic cases (n = 100/each) were tested by a polymerase chain reaction targeting VP1 and VP2 genes.
Results: The analysis revealed numerous synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in VP1 and VP2 and in the intergenic sequence.
Conclusion: The study identified significant genetic mutations in VP1, VP2, and the intergenic regions of CPV-2 in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases in Iraq. These mutations may contribute to the virus’s ability to evade control measures such as vaccination. These findings indicate that CPV-2 polymorphisms can influence the clinical state of the disease and/or trigger infection. Understanding these genetic variations provides critical insights into CPV-2 pathogenesis and could inform improved vaccination strategies to mitigate the virus’s impact in endemic regions.
Keywords: canine parvovirus-2, capsid encoded genes, mutations
How to cite this article: Al-Saadi M, Nubgan A, and Abbas AH (2025) Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs, Veterinary World, 18(1): 8-14.
Received: 2024-08-16 Accepted: 2024-12-03 Published online: 2025-01-09
Corresponding author: E-mail:
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.8-14
Copyright: Al-Saadi, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
