Vet World   Vol.18   March-2025  Article - 1 

Goblet cell metaplasia and mucin alterations in biliary epithelial cells during Opisthorchis viverrini infection in rodent models: Insights into host susceptibility and defense mechanisms

Background and Aim: Chronic Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection induces significant biliary changes and is a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. However, the role of goblet cell metaplasia (GCM) and mucin dynamics in host defense and parasite persistence remains poorly understood. This study aims to characterize biliary histological changes, particularly mucin types, and compare responses between susceptible (hamsters) and non-susceptible (mice) hosts during early to chronic OV infection.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-five male golden Syrian hamsters and 35 male BALB/c mice were divided into infected and control groups. Infected animals received 50 OV metacercariae through gastric intubation and were sacrificed on days 1, 2, 7, 14, 28, and 56 post-infection. Histological, histochemical (Alcian Blue, periodic Acid-Schiff, and high iron diamine), and immunohistochemical (Bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU]) analyses were performed to assess mucin production, GCM, and bile duct proliferation.

Results: Mice demonstrated an early, robust biliary response with pronounced hyperplasia and GCM characterized by acid mucin overproduction during the acute phase (days 1–28). Conversely, hamsters exhibited delayed biliary proliferation and GCM, with predominant sulfated mucins appearing during the chronic phase (days 28–56). BrdU immunoreactivity indicated earlier and stronger bile duct epithelial proliferation in mice, correlating with worm clearance by day 28. In hamsters, mucosal changes supported worm survival, as evidenced by continued parasite presence and egg production. Statistical analyses confirmed significant differences in mucin types and hyperplasia between species across infection stages.

Conclusion: Distinct mucosal responses in hamsters and mice reflect their susceptibility to OV infection. Acid mucins in mice facilitate worm expulsion, while sulfated mucins in hamsters appear to promote parasite persistence. These findings highlight the dual roles of mucins in host defense and parasite survival, providing insight into mechanisms underlying susceptibility and resistance in OV infections.

Keywords: Bile duct proliferation, goblet cell metaplasia, histopathology, host susceptibility, mucin dynamics, Opisthorchis viverrini, rodents.

How to cite this article: Wendo WD, Thongrin T, Tangkawattana P, Sukon P, Suttiprapa S, Saichua P, Suyapoh W, and Tangkawattana S (2025). Goblet cell metaplasiaand mucin alterations in biliary epithelial cells during Opisthorchis viverrini infection in rodent models: Insights into host susceptibility and defensemechanisms , Veterinary World, 18(3): 534–546.

Received: 2024-10-07    Accepted: 2025-01-23    Published online: 2025-03-09

Corresponding author: Sirikachorn Tangkawattana    E-mail: sirikach@kku.ac.th

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.534-546

Copyright: Wendo, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.