Association between animal welfare indicators and microbiological quality of beef carcasses, including Salmonella spp., from a slaughterhouse in Ecuador

Research (Published online: 16-04-2021)

16. Association between animal welfare indicators and microbiological quality of beef carcasses, including Salmonella spp., from a slaughterhouse in Ecuador

María Cevallos-Almeida, Ana Burgos-Mayorga, Carlos A. Gómez, José Luis Lema-Hurtado, Leydi Lema, Iveth Calvache, Christian Jaramillo, Isabel Collaguazo Ruilova, Evelyn Pamela Martínez and Pamela Estupiñán

Veterinary World, 14(4): 918-925

María Cevallos-Almeida: Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

Ana Burgos-Mayorga: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

Carlos A. Gómez: Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

José Luis Lema-Hurtado: Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

Leydi Lema: Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

Iveth Calvache: Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

Christian Jaramillo: Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

Isabel Collaguazo Ruilova: Laboratorio de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

Evelyn Pamela Martínez: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

Pamela Estupiñán: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.918-925

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Article history: Received: 09-11-2020, Accepted: 01-03-2021, Published online: 16-04-2021

Corresponding author: María Cevallos-Almeida

E-mail: bcevallos@uce.edu.ec

Citation: Cevallos-Almeida M, Burgos-Mayorga A, Gómez CA, Lema-Hurtado JL, Lema L, Calvache I, Jaramillo C, Collaguazo Ruilova I, Martínez EP, Estupiñán P (2021) Association between animal welfare indicators and microbiological quality of beef carcasses, including Salmonella spp., from a slaughterhouse in Ecuador, Veterinary World, 14(4): 918-925.

Abstract

Background and Aim: Pre-slaughter management and slaughter operations are considered critical factors for animal welfare and meat quality. Previous studies have found poor animal welfare management at municipal slaughterhouses in Ecuador, and little is known about how this affects the microbiological quality of the meat. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the association of the microbiological quality of beef carcasses and animal welfare indicators in a municipal slaughterhouse in Ecuador.

Materials and Methods: Data for 6 months were collected from a municipal slaughterhouse in Ecuador. Five trained researchers were strategically located along the slaughter process. A total of 351 animals were observed with regard to welfare indicators, and their carcasses were sampled to evaluate microbiological quality. Antemortem (slipping, falling, and vocalization) and postmortem animal welfare indicators (bleed interval, pH, temperature, and bruises) were measured. To determine the total aerobic bacteria (TAB) and Escherichia coli counts and the presence of Salmonella spp., we collected samples by swabbing four different points of each carcass. The association between microbiological quality and animal welfare indicators was studied using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.

Results: The mean TAB count was 5.3 log CFU/cm², and the mean total count of E. coli was 2.4 log CFU/cm². Salmonella spp. were isolated in 3.1% of the carcasses. An electric goad was used in all animals, 19.1% slipped at least once, and 19.9% vocalized. The mean pH of the carcasses was 7.2, and 79.2% of carcasses had bruises. Multivariate analysis showed that Salmonella spp. and the TAB count were associated with pH and the number of bruises (p = 0.01 in both cases).

Conclusion: Although there was non-significant association between the majority of animal welfare indicators and microbiological quality, the poor management affecting animal welfare and carcass hygiene are worrisome.

Keywords: animal welfare, beef carcasses, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., total aerobic bacteria.