Open Access
Research (Published online: 28-06-2021)
33. Phenotypic characterization and principal component analyses of indigenous chicken breeds in Indonesia
Dyah Maharani, Fatmawati Mustofa, Aprilianna Putri Z. N. L. Sari, Akhmad Fathoni, Heru Sasongko and Dwi Nur Happy Hariyono
Veterinary World, 14(6): 1665-1676

Dyah Maharani: Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Fatmawati Mustofa: Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Aprilianna Putri Z. N. L. Sari: Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Akhmad Fathoni: Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Heru Sasongko: Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Dwi Nur Happy Hariyono: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Khairun, Ternate 97719, Indonesia.

doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1665-1676

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Article history: Received: 23-02-2021, Accepted: 10-05-2021, Published online: 28-06-2021

Corresponding author: Dyah Maharani

E-mail: d.maharani@ugm.ac.id

Citation: Maharani D, Mustofa F, Sari APZNL, Fathoni A, Sasongko H, Hariyono DNH (2021) Phenotypic characterization and principal component analyses of indigenous chicken breeds in Indonesia, Veterinary World, 14(6): 1665-1676.
Abstract

Background and Aim: Understanding the phenotypic characteristics of indigenous livestock breeds is essential for their utilization and conservation. This study aimed to characterize indigenous chicken breeds in Indonesia based on phenotypic traits.

Materials and Methods: Data on eight qualitative and 12 quantitative traits were recorded for 250 chickens from six breeds: Black Kedu, Gaga, Merawang, Nunukan, Pelung, and Sentul. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance to test the effect of breed on observed traits. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted separately for each chicken breed. Data on quantitative traits were subjected to Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, which was computed to test the sampling adequacy and the pattern of correlation among the traits, and Bathlett's tests were used to assess the validity of the factor analysis of each of the datasets and determine whether the partial correlations among traits were small.

Results: We found considerable phenotypic variation in both qualitative and quantitative traits among indigenous chicken breeds. Multicolored plumage (96.40%), wild plumage (39.20%), gold feather flick (51.20%), yellow shank (36.80%), single comb (80.80%), red comb (94.80%), red earlobe (77.60%), and orange eyes (61.60%) were the most common features in the indigenous chickens. In addition, breed had a significant effect on all the quantitative traits that were analyzed (p<0.05). There were higher mean values for all quantitative traits for Pelung chickens than other chickens. In addition, the overall mean values for all quantitative traits in Merawang chicken were intermediate between Pelung chickens and Black Kedu, Gaga, and Nunukan chickens. The PCA showed two principal factors extracted that accounted for 77.80% and 78.38% of the total variance in the original variables for males and females, respectively.

Conclusion: In general, body weight and body measurements, except wattle length, were loaded in PC1 as the primary factors responsible for the variation. The phenotypic variation observed in indigenous chickens in Indonesia could provide valuable basic information for the design of selection and genetic improvement programs.

Keywords: indigenous chickens, phenotypic variation, qualitative traits, quantitative traits.