Vet World Vol.18 April-2025 Article - 14
Research Article
Veterinary World, 18(4): 888-895
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.888-895
Seroprevalence and risk factors of small ruminant brucellosis in Jabodetabek, Indonesia
2. Department of Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
Background and Aim: Brucellosis, caused by Brucella spp., is a zoonotic disease of major public health and economic significance. In Indonesia, surveillance efforts have predominantly focused on bovine brucellosis, leaving limited data on small ruminants despite their critical role as disease reservoirs. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats and sheep and to identify potential risk factors associated with its transmission in the Jabodetabek region, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to November 2023, involving 18 herds of goats and sheep across Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. A total of 665 blood samples (355 from goats and 310 from sheep) and 112 milk samples were collected. The samples were analyzed using the Rose Bengal Test, complement fixation test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate seroprevalence, and a Chi-square test was employed to evaluate risk factors. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess associations between risk factors and seropositivity.
Results: The herd-level seroprevalence was 66.67% (12/18), with a mean within-herd seroprevalence of 10.39% (95% CI: 7.21–13.57). The animal-level seroprevalence was 6.17% (41/665), with the highest rates observed in Bogor City (11.89%), followed by Bekasi (8.91%), East Jakarta (8.00%), and Tangerang (4.58%). Depok City had no positive cases in serum tests, though two cases were detected through milk ELISA. Mixed-species farms exhibited a significantly higher risk of infection than single-species farms (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14–0.66, p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between goats and sheep (p > 0.05), nor between males and females (p = 0.84).
Conclusion: This study highlights a high seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants within Jabodetabek, with mixed-species farming identified as a major risk factor. The findings underscore the need for enhanced surveillance, control measures, and public health interventions to mitigate disease transmission.
Keywords: brucellosis, goats, Indonesia, risk factors, seroprevalence, sheep, zoonotic diseases.
How to cite this article: Martindah E, Noor SM, Wahyuwardani S, Wasito W, Hewajuli DA, Putri R, Prihandani SS, Andriani A, Sumirah S, Mulyadi A, and Azizah NAK (2025) Seroprevalence and risk factors of small ruminant brucellosis in Jabodetabek, Indonesia, Veterinary World, 18(4): 888-895.
Received: 2024-11-19 Accepted: 2025-03-13 Published online: 2025-04-19
Corresponding author: E-mail:
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.888-895
Copyright: Martindah, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
