Post-warming quality of goat oocytes under heat shock stress: A study of the maturation rate, heat shock protein-70, adenosine triphosphate, and glutathione levels

Vet World Vol.18 July-2025 Article - 33

Research Article

Veterinary World, 18(7): 2127-2135

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.2127-2135

Widjiati Widjiati¹

, Ninik Darsini²

, Viski Fitri Hendrawan³

, Sultan Fadhilla Taqwa¹

, Zahra Shabira¹

, and Devia Yoanita Kurniawati¹

1. Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

2. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

3. Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: Indonesia’s indigenous Kacang goat population is in decline, posing a threat to food security and genetic diversity. In vitro maturation and cryopreservation techniques are key strategies for genetic conservation. However, heat shock stress during cryopreservation can compromise oocyte viability. This study evaluates the post-warming quality of Kacang goat oocytes exposed to different cryoprotectants. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a modified cryoprotectant (30% ethylene glycol + 1M sucrose) with a commercial cryoprotectant in preserving post-warming oocyte quality, based on maturation rates and biomarker levels (heat shock protein 70 [HSP70], adenosine triphosphate [ATP], and glutathione [GSH]).

Materials and Methods: Oocytes were collected from goat ovaries and matured in vitro for 22 h. They were divided into three groups: Control (no vitrification), commercial cryoprotectant (T1), and modified cryoprotectant (T2). Post-warming quality was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify HSP70, ATP, and GSH levels. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation (p < 0.05).

Results: Maturation rates were comparable across groups (control group [CG]: 84.3%, T1: 79.8%, T2: 77.2%; p > 0.05). HSP70 levels were significantly elevated in T2 compared to CG (p < 0.05). T2 also showed significantly higher ATP (52.13 ± 7.7 ng/mL) and GSH (1.27 ± 0.66 ng/mL) levels compared to T1 (ATP: 25.65 ± 1.63; GSH: 0.06 ± 0.01 ng/mL; p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between ATP and GSH (p = 0.014).

Conclusion: The modified cryoprotectant formulation offered superior protection against cryo-induced stress, maintaining higher ATP, GSH, and HSP70 levels post-warming. This formulation holds promise for improving oocyte cryopreservation protocols and conserving the genetic resources of the Kacang goat. Further studies should assess long-term developmental outcomes.

Keywords: adenosine triphosphate, cryopreservation, cryoprotectant, genetic conservation, glutathione, heat shock, heat shock protein 70, Kacang goat, One Health, oocyte maturation.

How to cite this article: Widjiati W, Darsini N, Hendrawan VF, Taqwa SF, Shabira Z, and Kurniawati DY (2025) Post-warming quality of goat oocytes under heat shock stress: A study of the maturation rate, heat shock protein-70, adenosine triphosphate, and glutathione levels, Veterinary World, 18(7): 2127-2135.

Received: 29-03-2025 Accepted: 26-06-2025 Published online: 30-07-2025

Corresponding author: Widjiati Widjiati E-mail: widjiati@fkh.unair.ac.id

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.2127-2135

Copyright: Widjiati, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.