Genotyping of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater of dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia

Vet World Vol.18 January-2025 Article - 18

Research Article

Veterinary World, 18(1): 162-171

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.162-171

Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti¹, Sheila Marty Yanestria², Mustofa Helmi Effendi³, Hani Plumeriastuti⁴, Wiwiek Tyasningsih⁵, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo⁶, Rahayu Sutrisno¹ and Muhammad Ali Akramsyah Safri⁷

1. Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya. Jl. Puncak Dieng, Kalisongo, Malang Regency, 65151. East Java, Indonesia.
2. Department of Veterinary Public Health, Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University, Jl. Dukuh Kupang XXV No.54, Dukuh Kupang, Dukuhpakis, Surabaya, 60225, East Java, Indonesia.
3. Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia.
4. Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia.
5. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia.
6. Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University. 480211, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
7. Department of Animal Health, Unggas Karya Mandiri, Malang Regency 65151. East Java, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in dairy farm wastewater represents a significant threat to environmental and public health due to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes. This study investigates the molecular profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates harboring blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes from dairy farm wastewater in East Java, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: Wastewater samples (n = 342) were collected from six major dairy regions in East Java: Pasuruan, Malang, Tulungagung, Blitar, Batu, and Kediri. The samples underwent bacterial isolation, identification, and ESBL phenotypic screening using the double-disk synergy test (DDST). Molecular genotyping of bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM, and bla_SHV was conducted using a polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Of the samples, 69.30% (237/342) tested positive for E. coli, with 32.91% (78/237) identified as ESBL producers through DDST. Molecular genotyping confirmed ESBL genes in 28.20% (22/78) of the isolates. The genotypic distribution was 77.2% (17/22) bla_TEM, 4.5% (1/22) bla_CTX-M, 9.0% (2/22) bla_TEM + bla_SHV, and 9.0% (2/22) bla_TEM + bla_CTX-M. These findings highlight the dominance of bla_TEM and the presence of multi-gene combinations in East Java’s dairy farm wastewater.

Conclusion: The identified molecular profiles underscore dairy farm wastewater as a critical reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes, particularly blaTEM. Addressing this issue necessitates stringent antimicrobial use policies, improved wastewater management, and enhanced biosecurity measures. These findings support a One Health approach to mitigate environmental and public health risks associated with AMR.

Keywords: antibiotic resistance, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, dairy farm wastewater, ESBL-producing Escherichia coli, Indonesia, public health.

How to cite this article: Dameanti FNAEP, Yanestria SM, Effendi MH, Plumeriastuti H, Tyasningsih W, Ugbo EN, Sutrisno R and Safri MAA (2025) Genotyping of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater of dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia, Veterinary World, 18(1): 162-171.

Received: 2024-07-31 Accepted: 2024-12-16 Published online: 2025-01-27

Corresponding author: Hani Plumeriastuti E-mail: hani-p@fkh.unair.ac.id

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.162-171

Copyright: Dameanti, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.