Research Article | 27 Jan 2025

Genotyping of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater of dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia

Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti1, Sheila Marty Yanestria2, Mustofa Helmi Effendi3, Hani Plumeriastuti4, Wiwiek Tyasningsih5, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo6, Rahayu Sutrisno1, and Muhammad Ali Akramsyah Safri7Show more
VETERINARY WORLD | pg no. 162-171 | Vol. 18, Issue 1 | DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.162-171
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Abstract

          
Background and Aim: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in dairy farm wastewater represents a significant threat to environmental and public health due to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes. This study investigates the molecular profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates harboring blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes from dairy farm wastewater in East Java, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: Wastewater samples (n = 342) were collected from six major dairy regions in East Java: Pasuruan, Malang, Tulungagung, Blitar, Batu, and Kediri. The samples underwent bacterial isolation, identification, and ESBL phenotypic screening using the double-disk synergy test (DDST). Molecular genotyping of bla<sub>CTX-M</sub>, bla<sub>TEM</sub>, and bla<sub>SHV</sub> was conducted using a polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Of the samples, 69.30% (237/342) tested positive for E. coli, with 32.91% (78/237) identified as ESBL producers through DDST. Molecular genotyping confirmed ESBL genes in 28.20% (22/78) of the isolates. The genotypic distribution was 77.2% (17/22) bla<sub>TEM</sub>, 4.5% (1/22) bla<sub>CTX-M</sub>, 9.0% (2/22) bla<sub>TEM</sub> + bla<sub>SHV</sub>, and 9.0% (2/22) bla<sub>TEM</sub> + bla<sub>CTX-M</sub>. These findings highlight the dominance of bla<sub>TEM</sub> and the presence of multi-gene combinations in East Java’s dairy farm wastewater.
Conclusion: The identified molecular profiles underscore dairy farm wastewater as a critical reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes, particularly blaTEM. Addressing this issue necessitates stringent antimicrobial use policies, improved wastewater management, and enhanced biosecurity measures. These findings support a One Health approach to mitigate environmental and public health risks associated with AMR.
          
Keywords: antibiotic resistance, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, dairy farm wastewater, ESBL-producing Escherichia coli, Indonesia, public health.