Vet World Vol.18 January-2025 Article - 9
Research Article
Veterinary World, 18(1): 76-84
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.76-84
Prevalence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
2. Animal, Fish and Plant Quarantine Center, Indonesian Quarantine Authority, South Papua, Indonesia.
3. Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Background and Aim: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically devastating infectious disease in cattle. Rembang Regency, located in Central Java, Indonesia, has suffered over 3800 cases of LSD and 75 deaths since early 2023. This region holds the 4th number of most populous beef cattle producers in Central Java. However, until now, there have been no reports on the prevalence and risk factors related to LSD in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LSD and identify associated risk factors in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: The sample size was 458 cattle, which were determined using the formula (n = 4PQ/L2) and two-stage random sampling technique, were examined physically through LSD typical clinical signs, namely distinguishing firm, circumscribed, few (mild forms) to multiple (severe forms) skin nodules. Structured questionnaires and interviews with farm owners were used to identify risk factors. The data related to the LSD were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis with Chi-square and odd ratios, and multivariate logistic regression to retrieve the logit model. All data were compiled in Microsoft® Excel, while analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0.
Results: The prevalence of LSD in Rembang Regency was 28.2%. There were 11 significant risk factors associated with LSD. The multivariate analysis indicated that risk factors significantly contributing to LSD were knowledge of LSD transmission (p = 0.035, Odds ratios [OR] = 2.933), waste management (p = 0.014, OR = 4.015), rainy season (p = 0.019, OR = 2.944), and proximity between farms (p = 0.003, OR = 4.506). The logistic regression model analysis was as follows: LSD (Y) = −6.719 + 1.041 (knowledge of LSD transmission) + 1.390 (waste management) + 1.080 (rainy season) + 1.505 (proximity between farms).
Conclusion: This study revealed a significant prevalence of LSD in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, with 28.2% of cattle affected. Key risk factors contributing to LSD outbreaks were insufficient knowledge of transmission, inadequate waste management, seasonal rainfall, and close proximity between farms. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, including educational programs for farm owners, improved waste management practices, and strategies to mitigate seasonal and spatial risks to control LSD in the region effectively.
Keywords: lumpy skin disease, prevalence, risk factors.
How to cite this article: Hidayat YT, Primatika RA, and Drastini Y (2025) Prevalence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, Veterinary World, 18(1): 76–84.
Received: 2024-06-28 Accepted: 2024-12-10 Published online: 2025-01-14
Corresponding author: E-mail:
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.76-84
Copyright: Hidayat, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
