Effects of embryonic thermal manipulation on the immune response to post-hatch Escherichia coli challenge in broiler chicken

Research (Published online: 07-05-2023)

4. Effects of embryonic thermal manipulation on the immune response to post-hatch Escherichia coli challenge in broiler chicken

Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul, Ziad Waheed Jaradat, Mustafa M. Ababneh, Mohammad Ziad Okour, Khaled Musa Mohammad Saleh, Ayesha Alkofahi, and Mohammad Hussien Alboom

Veterinary World, 16(5): 918-928

Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul: Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

Ziad Waheed Jaradat: Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

Mustafa M. Ababneh: Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

Mohammad Ziad Okour: Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

Khaled Musa Mohammad Saleh: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.

Ayesha Alkofahi: Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

Mohammad Hussien Alboom: Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.918-928

Article history: Received: 02-01-2023, Accepted: 27-03-2023, Published online: 07-05-2023

Corresponding authors: Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul

E-mail: alzghoul@just.edu.jo

Citation: Al-Zghoul MB, Jaradat ZW, Ababneh MM, Okour MZ, Saleh KMM, Alkofahi A, and Alboom MH (2023) Effects of embryonic thermal manipulation on the immune response to post-hatch Escherichia coli challenge in broiler chicken, Veterinary World, 16(5): 918-928.

Abstract

Background and Aim: Thermal manipulation (TM), exposure to mild heat shock during embryogenesis, which is a critical developmental period of broiler chickens, improves tissue stability, oxidative stress response, and immune response during heat stress. Thermal manipulation could be more cost-effective than other methods to boost the immune response. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of TM during embryogenesis, concomitant with an Escherichia coli challenge, on body weight (BW), body temperature (T^b), and splenic mRNA expression of cytokines (Interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, and interferon [IFN]-γ) in poultry.

Materials and Methods: A total of 740 fertile eggs were procured from a certified Ross broiler breeder. The eggs were divided into two incubation groups: the control and TM groups. The eggs in the control group were kept at 37.8°C air temperature and 56% relative humidity (RH) during incubation; eggs of the TM group were incubated under standard conditions, except for embryonic days 10–18, during which they were incubated at 39°C and 65% RH for 18 h daily. On the 7th day of incubation, eggs with dead embryos were excluded. After hatching was complete, each group was further subdivided into saline-treated or E. coli-challenged groups. The E. coli (serotype 078 with the dose of 1.5 × 10⁵ colony-forming unit/mL) challenge was performed when the birds were 20 days old. Body weight and Tb measurements were taken on post-hatch days 20, 21, 23, and 25. Splenic mRNA expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, and IFN-γ) was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Following the E. coli challenge, the TM-treated group’s body performance parameters (BW and T^b) were significantly increased compared with the control group. Body weight was higher in the TM group than in the control group (p < 0.05); Tb was lower in the TM group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of IL and IFN-γ were more stable and moderately induced in the TM group compared with the control group. Thermal manipulation altered the basal mRNA levels of ILs and IFN-γ and changed their expression dynamics after the E. coli challenge.

Conclusion: Thermal manipulation during embryogenesis could boost the immune system response to E. coli.

Keywords: broiler, challenge, Escherichia coli, immune response, incubation, thermal manipulation.