High antimicrobial resistance rates and multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from poultry in Souk Ahras region, Algeria

Vet World Vol.17 December-2024 Article - 1

Research Article

Veterinary World, 17(12): 2709-2718

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2709-2718

Khaoula Kamel^1,2, Amina Merghad^3,4, Djanette Barour^1,2, Djalel Eddine Gherissi^1,5, and Tarek Khenenou^1,2

1. Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, University of Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia, Souk Ahras, Algeria.
2. Laboratory of Science and Techniques for Living, Institute of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, University of Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia, Souk Ahras, Algeria.
3. Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems Laboratory, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia, Souk Ahras, Algeria.
4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences: University of Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia, Souk Ahras, Algeria.
5. Laboratory of Animal Production, Biotechnology and Health, Institute of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, University of Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia, Souk Ahras, Algeria.

Background and Aim: The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the Enterobacteriaceae family represents a major global health problem for humans and animals. This study aimed to determine AMR levels and highlight the different resistance profiles of Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected from healthy broiler chickens in eastern Algeria.

Materials and Methods: A total of 200 cloacal swabs of healthy broilers from several poultry farms located in the Souk Ahras region (eastern Algeria) were collected. Samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar, and the isolated bacteria were identified using the API 20E system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the disk diffusion method in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of colistin (CT).

Results: Two hundred and forty-one isolates of commensal Enterobacteriaceae were recovered, including: Escherichia coli (n = 194; 80.5%), Proteus mirabilis (n = 21; 8.71%), Escherichia fergusonii (n = 8, 3.32%), Salmonella spp. (n = 7, 2.9%), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 4, 1.66%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3, 1.25%), Serratia spp. (n = 3, 1.25%), and Kluyvera spp. (n = 1, 0.41%). High resistance rates were observed toward erythromycin (100%), doxycycline (96.68%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (95.85%), ciprofloxacin (94.19%), ampicillin (90.04%), kanamycin (78.01%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (69.71%). However, moderate-to-low resistance rates were observed for CT (25.31%), ceftazidime (12.45%), and cefotaxime (8.71%). Interestingly, only two extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates were detected. All isolates (100%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), among which 58.92% were resistant to six and seven antibiotics. Forty AMR profiles were identified, reflecting a wide diversity of resistance with combinations of three to ten antibiotics.

Conclusion: Our findings revealed alarming rates of AMR, highlighting the need to take measures to combat the phenomenon of AMR to protect animals and public health.

Keywords: Algeria, antibiotic resistance, Enterobacteriaceae, multidrug resistance, poultry.

How to cite this article: Kamel K, Merghad A, Barour D, Gherissi DE, and Khenenou T (2024) High antimicrobial resistance rates and multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from poultry in Souk Ahras region, Algeria, Veterinary World, 17(12): 2709–2718.

Received: 2024-08-03 Accepted: 2024-10-30 Published online: 2024-12-06

Corresponding author: Khaoula Kamel E-mail: k.kamel@univ-soukahras.dz

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.2709-2718

Copyright: Kamel, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.