Vet World Vol.17 December-2024 Article - 6
Review Article
Veterinary World, 17(12): 2747-2762
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2747-2762
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, virulence and pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control
2. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Dasan Agung Baru, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
3. Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika. Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Dasan Agung Baru, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
4. Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dharmawangsa Dalam Selatan, No. 28-30, Kampus B Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
5. Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Jl. Dukuh Kupang XXV No.54, Dukuh Kupang, Dukuh Pakis, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
6. Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
7. Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
8. Lingkar Satwa Animal Care Clinic. Jl. Sumatera No. 31L, Gubeng, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
9. Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
10. Research Center for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
11. Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita, Japan.
12. Center for Biomedical Research, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
13. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran No.10-11, Ketawanggede, Lowokwaru, Malang, Indonesia.
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in poultry; this type of bacteria is an extraintestinal pathogen E. coli. Unlike other E. coli pathogen groups, the characteristics of APECs cannot be identified by a single group. Serotyping and biotyping are frequently performed for isolates found in colibacillosis infections. The establishment, transmission, and persistence of this pathogenic strain in chicken populations are determined by the intricate interactions of multiple elements that make up the epidemiology of APEC. APEC employs many virulence and pathogenesis factors or mechanisms to infect chickens with colibacillosis. These factors include invasives, protectins, adhesins, iron acquisition, and toxins. In addition, the pathogenicity of APEC strains can be evaluated in 2–4 week-old chicks. The impact of unfavorable environmental conditions has also been documented, despite direct contact being demonstrated to be a significant element in transmission in APEC. Chickens are immunized against colibacillosis using a variety of vaccines. Nevertheless, commercially available vaccinations do not offer sufficient immunity to protect birds from APEC strains. Hatching egg contamination is one of the main ways that APECs spread throughout chicken flocks. Farmers also need to be mindful of storing discarded materials near the manure-watering area, removing them when necessary, and replacing wet materials with dry materials when needed. This review aimed to explain the characteristics, epidemiology, virulence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control of APEC.
Keywords: avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, colibacillosis, Escherichia coli, poultry, public health.
How to cite this article: Khairullah AR, Afnani DA, Riwu KHP, Widodo A, Yanestria SM, Moses IB, Effendi MH, Ramandinianto SC, Wibowo S, Fauziah I, Kusala MKJ, Fauzia KA, Furqoni AH, and Raissa R (2024) Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, virulence and pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control, Veterinary World, 17(12): 2747–2762.
Received: 2024-07-15 Accepted: 2024-11-12 Published online: 2024-12-06
Corresponding author: E-mail:
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.2747-2762
Copyright: Khairullah, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
