Comparative survival of five porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains on six fomites

Vet World Vol.17 December-2024 Article - 8

Research Article

Veterinary World, 17(12): 2774-2779

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2774-2779

Angie Quinonez-Munoz¹, Nader M. Sobhy^1,2 and Sagar M. Goyal¹

1. Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
2. Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

Background and Aim: Despite the availability of vaccines, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to cause disease outbreaks in pigs worldwide. One of the reasons for this problem is the frequent mutation of the virus, which creates new variants. This study was conducted to determine the survival of five PRRSV strains on four non-porous and two porous fomites at 22–25°C (room temperature).

Materials and Methods: Five strains of PRRSV (1-7-4, 1-8-4, VR 2332, 1-4-4 MN, and 1-4-4 SD) were used in this study. Circular pieces of aluminum, boot material, polyvinyl chloride, stainless steel, cardboard, and concrete were used as fomites. A small volume of each virus strain was placed on the fomite, followed by incubation at room temperature. The virus surviving at different time points was eluted in an eluent solution. Serial 10-fold dilutions of the eluate were inoculated in MARC-145 cells for virus titration. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for statistical analysis, and post hoc analysis was used for multiple pairwise comparisons.

Results: Three of the five strains were inactivated within 36 h on non-porous fomites; the remaining two survived for 72 h. On porous fomites, all five strains were inactivated within 12 h. MANOVA at p < 0.05 indicated that the inactivation of strains 1-7-4 and 1-4-4 SD was significant compared with the other strains. In addition, the number of virus titers was significantly reduced on stainless steel compared to other fomites.

Conclusion: Our findings illustrate how the interaction between the PRRSV strain and fomite material affect viral stability over time. The results also provide an understanding of fomites’ role in PRRSV epidemiology as indirect transmitters of the virus.

Keywords: fomites, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, survival, swine, viability, viral strains.

How to cite this article: Quinonez-Munoz A, Sobhy NM and Goyal SM (2024) Comparative survival of five porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains on six fomites, Veterinary World, 17(12): 2774–2779.

Received: 2024-08-09 Accepted: 2024-11-04 Published online: 2024-12-13

Corresponding author: Sagar M. Goyal E-mail: goyal001@umn.edu

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.2774-2779

Copyright: Quinonez-Munoz, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.