Porcine cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium remains a neglected zoonotic disease in high-altitude Andean regions, where backyard pig-rearing, limited sanitation, and close human–animal–environment interactions promote transmission. Pigs serve as effective sentinels of environmental contamination and offer a practical surveillance proxy for the taeniasis/cysticercosis complex. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of porcine cysticercosis, identify associated risk factors, and characterize spatial clustering of infection in backyard pigs in the José María Arguedas district, Apurímac, Perú, using a One Health approach.  A quantitative, observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out from April to December 2024. Blood samples were collected from 245 backyard pigs across 49 households and tested for anti-T. solium antibodies using the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay. Data on pig and owner characteristics, husbandry practices, sanitation, and knowledge of cysticercosis were gathered through structured questionnaires. Geospatial coordinates of households were recorded and analyzed with geographic information systems (GIS) employing inverse distance weighting interpolation to identify infection hotspots. Associations were assessed using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.  The overall seroprevalence of porcine cysticercosis was 14.7% (36/245; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.1–19.3). Significant spatial clustering was seen, with the Checche locality showing the highest seroprevalence at 60% (p < 0.01), indicating a hyperendemic micro-focus. Univariate analysis revealed associations between porcine cysticercosis and the pig owner's sex (p < 0.05) as well as awareness that humans can be infected (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified only the pig owner's sex as an independent risk factor, with pigs raised by women having higher odds of infection (Odds ratio = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3–8.2; p = 0.015). No significant links were found with pig-level characteristics.  This study offers the first combined serological and geospatial assessment of porcine cysticercosis in the José María Arguedas district. The results reveal moderate endemicity, localized transmission hotspots, and an important gender aspect in disease risk. Combining EITB diagnostics with GIS-based mapping within a One Health framework provides a scalable surveillance model to support targeted interventions, health education, especially among women farmers, and sanitation improvements in high-risk Andean areas. 

Saline water use in livestock production is increasingly common in coastal and delta regions due to freshwater scarcity, but prolonged intake may compromise productivity, physiological balance, and immune function in small ruminants. Excessive intake of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) can induce osmotic and oxidative stress, which may disrupt hematological homeostasis and growth performance. Antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin E (VitE) and selenium (Se) can enhance cellular protection and immune resilience under environmental stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary VitE and Se supplementation on productivity, hematological responses, and selected biochemical parameters in growing goats consuming diluted seawater (DSW) under tropical conditions.  Ten crossbred Boer male goats (6 months old; body weight [BW] 16.66 ± 0.52 kg) were allocated to a completely randomized design with two treatments and five replicates per group over a 5-week experimental period. Goats in the control group received no supplementation, whereas goats in the treatment group received a daily premix providing 60 mg VitE and 0.9 mg Se per head. All goats consumed fresh water during period 1 (P1), followed by 1% DSW during period 2 (P2) and 2% DSW during periods 3 and 4 (P3–P4), before returning to fresh water in period 5 (P5). Dry matter intake (DMI) and water intake (WI) were recorded daily, whereas BW, plasma electrolytes, liver and kidney function indicators, and hematological parameters were measured weekly. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models including treatment, period, and their interaction.  DMI was not significantly affected by DSW concentration or VitE–Se supplementation. WI increased at 1% DSW but declined at 2% DSW, with the supplemented group maintaining higher WI than the control group. BW change decreased in the control group during exposure to 2% DSW, whereas BW remained stable in the supplemented group. DSW increased plasma Na and Cl concentrations and elevated liver enzyme activities, while supplementation attenuated Cl accumulation and moderated Na elevation. Hematological analysis indicated greater leukocyte responses in the control group as DSW salinity increased, whereas the supplemented group maintained more stable hematological profiles. Renal and hepatic indicators remained within physiological reference ranges in both groups.  Dietary VitE and Se supplementation mitigated DSW-associated hematological disturbances and supported WI and BW maintenance in growing goats, suggesting a practical nutritional strategy for saline water–affected production systems.

Native Blackbone chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) are increasingly consumed in Southeast Asia because of their perceived health benefits. However, information on the epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and genomic characteristics of non-typhoidal Salmonella associated with this traditional poultry system remains limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, serovar distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and genomic features of Salmonella isolated from feces and meat of Thai native Blackbone chickens.  A prospective longitudinal study was conducted between August 2020 and July 2021 on a small-scale Blackbone chicken farm in Phitsanulok province, Thailand. A total of 2,258 samples, comprising 1,755 fecal and 503 meat samples, were collected from chickens aged 1–50 weeks. Salmonella isolation was performed using standard culture and biochemical methods, with confirmation by invA using polymerase chain reaction. Serovars were determined by slide agglutination. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed against 14 antimicrobial agents using disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Six representative isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for multilocus sequence typing, detection of AMR and virulence genes, plasmid analysis, and phylogenetic comparison.  The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 6.3% (142/2,258), with detection rates of 4.7% in fecal samples and 11.9% in meat samples. Salmonella Bovismorbificans was the predominant serovar (64.1%), followed by S. Corvallis (20.4%) and S. Weltevreden (9.2%). More than half of the isolates (52.8%) exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial, most commonly streptomycin (46.5%), while resistance to critically important antimicrobials was not observed. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was rare (1.4%). WGS revealed that S. Bovismorbificans isolates belonged to sequence type ST1499, whereas S. Weltevreden was identified as ST365. Despite limited AMR, all sequenced isolates carried numerous virulence-associated genes linked to adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival.  Thai native Blackbone chickens harbor non-typhoidal Salmonella, including emerging and potentially invasive lineages, with low levels of MDR but substantial virulence potential. These findings highlight the zoonotic risk posed by traditional poultry systems and underscore the importance of continued surveillance and genomic monitoring to support food safety and One Health strategies. 

Poorly managed dairy farm wastewater is a significant reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, contributing to the environmental spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and posing risks to animal and public health. Conventional wastewater treatment systems are often insufficient to inactivate these resistant organisms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), especially those synthesized by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in liquid, offer a high-purity, chemical-free nanomaterial with promising antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of laser-synthesized AgNPs against antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolated from dairy cattle wastewater within a One Health framework.  Wastewater samples were collected aseptically from 50 smallholder dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia. E. coli isolates were identified using standard cultural, morphological, Gram staining, and biochemical (Indole, methyl red, Voges–Proskauer, citrate) methods. Antibiotic resistance was screened using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method against streptomycin, erythromycin, penicillin, and tetracycline. AgNPs were synthesized via PLA in polyvinylpyrrolidone medium and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of AgNPs were determined by broth microdilution and agar subculture methods, respectively, across concentrations ranging from 0.195 to 100 ppm. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test at a significance level of p < 0.05.  PLA successfully produced monodisperse AgNPs with a mean diameter of 11.62 ± 1.8 nm and a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 418 nm, confirming high-purity and stability. Twenty antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates were evaluated. MIC values ranged from 37.5 to 100 ppm, with erythromycin-resistant isolates showing the lowest MICs (45.0 ± 10.5 ppm) and streptomycin-resistant isolates the highest (75.0 ± 33.3 ppm). Most isolates (75%) exhibited MBC values >100 ppm, indicating predominantly bacteriostatic activity at the tested concentrations. No statistically significant differences in MIC values were observed among resistance groups (p > 0.05). A concentration of 62.5 ppm was identified as the most effective inhibitory dose across resistance profiles.  Laser-synthesized AgNPs demonstrated consistent in vitro inhibitory activity against antibiotic-resistant E. coli from dairy wastewater, with an optimal MIC of approximately 62.5 ppm. These findings highlight the potential application of AgNPs as a supplementary control strategy in dairy waste management and AMR mitigation, supporting an integrated One Health approach. 

Kalmyk cattle represent a resilient indigenous beef breed of Russia, valued for their exceptional adaptation to harsh continental climates and growing importance in sustainable beef production. Despite their economic and ecological relevance, genetic determinants underlying meat productivity and quality in this breed remain fragmented across largely regional studies. This systematic review aimed to synthesize available evidence on polymorphisms in four major candidate genes, growth hormone (GH), Thyroglobulin (TG), Leptin (LEP), and Calpain 1 (CAPN1), and to evaluate their distribution, associations with productive traits, and relevance for marker-assisted selection in Kalmyk cattle.  The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search covering January 2004 to December 2024 was performed using international (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) and Russian (eLibrary.ru) databases. Eligible studies included peer-reviewed articles, dissertations, and conference proceedings reporting primary genotyping data for GH, TG, LEP, and CAPN1 polymorphisms in purebred or crossbred Kalmyk cattle. Data extracted included sample size, geographical origin, genotyping methods, allele and genotype frequencies, and reported genotype–phenotype associations. Due to methodological heterogeneity, a qualitative narrative synthesis was applied.  The synthesis revealed pronounced inter-herd and regional heterogeneity in the frequency of favorable alleles. The GH c.2141C>G polymorphism showed extreme variability, with the desirable VV genotype ranging from 0% to 78.3% across herds. Substantial contrasts were also observed for LEP polymorphisms, where favorable genotypes varied from near absence to dominance within specific populations. For meat quality markers, the TG c.-422C>T and CAPN1 c.4568G>C polymorphisms displayed generally low but highly uneven frequencies. Evidence from selected breeding programs demonstrated that targeted selection can substantially increase the prevalence of desirable alleles and improve growth and carcass traits.  Kalmyk cattle exhibit marked genetic heterogeneity for key meat productivity and quality markers, reflecting founder effects, localized selection, and breeding history. While GH and LEP polymorphisms show strong potential for marker-assisted selection, the low baseline frequency of favorable TG and CAPN1 alleles highlights the need for structured, large-scale genomic strategies. This review provides the first consolidated genetic landscape of meat-related polymorphisms in Kalmyk cattle and establishes a foundation for sustainable, climate-resilient breeding programs. 

The gastrointestinal health of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) is critically dependent on hindgut microbial fermentation, yet host-specific probiotic strains derived from elephants remain poorly characterized. Although lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely recognized for their probiotic benefits, systematic evaluation of elephant-origin LAB, including molecular identification and safety assessment, is limited. This study aimed to isolate LAB from the feces of healthy captive Asian elephants and comprehensively evaluate their in vitro probiotic potential, safety profile, and molecular identity to support the development of host-adapted probiotic candidates.  Fresh fecal samples were collected from 25 clinically healthy captive Asian elephants housed at four elephant camps in Krabi Province, Thailand. LAB were isolated using de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar and subjected to preliminary phenotypic and biochemical characterization. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against five pathogenic indicator bacteria using the disk diffusion method. Probiotic functional properties were assessed through acid tolerance (pH 3.0), bile salt tolerance (1%), cell surface hydrophobicity, and autoaggregation assays. Safety evaluation included hemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Molecular identification of selected isolates was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis.  A total of 195 LAB isolates were recovered, of which 52 exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens. Eleven isolates demonstrated superior probiotic attributes, with acid and bile salt survival rates ranging from 74.67%–91.67% and 75.17%–98.15%, respectively. These isolates showed strong antimicrobial activity (inhibition zones 12–15 mm), high cell surface hydrophobicity (74.03%–92.24%), and substantial autoaggregation capacity (70.60%–85.74%). All selected isolates were non-hemolytic and susceptible to clinically relevant antibiotics. Molecular analysis identified seven isolates as Enterococcus faecalis and four as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Among them, isolates I9, I56, and I145 (L. plantarum) exhibited the most consistent and robust probiotic characteristics.  This study provides the first molecularly validated and comprehensive in vitro evaluation of probiotic LAB isolated from captive Asian elephants. The identified L. plantarum strains, particularly isolates I9, I56, and I145, demonstrated strong functional and safety profiles, supporting their potential as host-specific probiotics for improving gastrointestinal health and disease management in captive and wild Asian elephants.